Design of surface mine haulage roads a manual by walter w. Bowa introduced a practical method in an open pit mine to optimize blasting design parameters such as bench height, drill hole diameter, spacing, etc. In practice, however, geological, geomechanical and operational conditions vary from deposit to deposit. The estimated ocm block grades are then used in turn to design surface polygons or dig lines that. Created as an outcome of the large open pit lop project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines, this book provides an uptodate compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that are. This is meant to be a toolbox for blast design in conventional rock quarrying and open pit mines. Open pit mines can be used in coal mining, and they are used extensively in hard rock mining for ores such as metal ores, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, and many minerals. Nilsson nitro consult ab, sweden abstract the aitik open pit mine, located in northern sweden, currently faces a substantial production increase. Thus, the time scale of the dynamic model is set as these operational days. In open pit mining where rock is hard such that,it requires drilling and blasting techniques to be applied for it to be mineable, the overall costeffectiveness of the production.
Over time, mine management becomes fully reliant upon their explosive suppliers, to the extent that all inhouse blasting expertise is permanently lost. Thus, for a blaster, valuable tool is the file of blast reports that he builds as he gains experience. Drilling and blasting are the major unit operations in opencast mining. A large number of examples illustrate the application of the principles. Mine engineering, open pit mine design, underground mine. As a rule, openpit and coal strip mines using large drills will drill presplit holes that range from 9 to 12. Vulcan minemodeller open pit provides the tools for mine engineers to design, evaluate and maintain daily mine operations. Preblast survey face points, crest, toe, top of coal and drill surface points were imported to the software. The first volume introduces basic engineering concepts and the building blocks that make up a blast design. Surfaces and design lines can be easily updated with the latest data for generating daily production reports. Geotechnical considerations in open pit mines version 1. The economic analysis of the use of explosives is an important part of blasting operations in mining and construction.
However, theres increasing interest in optimising all blast requirements and objectives in the primary blast design. This book is an excellent textbook for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological and excavation engineering, and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. Ahead of drill and blast 2014, mining iq has assembled insights into trends. Design of controlled blasting presplitting in golegohar iron. B drift mining if the ore vein is narrow and the terrain is favourable, a drift or. Figure 87 analysis of efficient blast design efficient blast designs combined with the proper choice of explosive can produce better fragmentation with associated lower operating costs compared to blast designs and explosives used under adverse conditions.
Optimisation of drill and blast parameters using empirical fragmentation modelling. The development of a successful control blasting program for an open pit iron mine in hard jointed rock is described. An open pit bench blasting application mining consultant. Optimization of blasting design parameters on open pit bench a. Mine development when a promising mineral deposit has been found, production is the next thing to consider. Several theories have been developed by various authors for estimating open pit blast design parameters such as burden, blasthole spacing, subdrilling, explosive charge distribution in blastholes, stemming length and mile second delay patterns. Datablast is a multiuser system covering the entire open pit drill and blast process from design to infield operations. Note that the blast damage only extends a limited distance into the slope. Blast design the best use of explosives is made when a blast produces a clean break, giving good fragmentation, while avoiding excessive flyrock. The author believes it will surely help the mining engineering students at the beginning level. Efficient blast designs combined with the proper choice of explosive can. Created as an outcome of the large open pit lop project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an uptodate compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools.
Blast designer software blades calculates blast plan parameters, explosives charge distribution, initiation timing and sequence, results in terms of rock breakage and fragment size distribution. Hi everyone, i want to show an application from beginning to end in open pit bench blasting. The definition of a open pit mine is an excavation or cut made at the surface of the ground for the purpose of extracting ore and which is open to the surface for the duration of the mines life. Selection and validation of mine design criteria and mining method selection. Identify trends and improve blasting performance over time. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open. In order to implement an adaptive blastdesign strategy for openpit mines, two problems must first be solved. A new perimeter control blast design concept for underground metalnonmetal drifting applications stephen r. The unique waste handling needs, including tailings disposal, of contemporary oil sands mining.
Parameters considered in open pit bench blast design modified after anon, 2012, t, u, s h, l, d, b t. A new perimeter control blast design concept for underground. Outstanding textbook designed for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological excavation engineering and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. We have provided engineering solutions around the world for open pit and underground projects. The stepbystep introduction to mine design and planning enables a fastpath approach to the matter by undergraduate and graduate students. The success of achieving these goals depends significantly on good blast design. Dilution can be a major contributor to poor grade results, and blast movement is a significant cause of dilution and ore loss 1. Misfires misfires happen when a loaded hole, portion of a loaded hole, or several loaded holes fail to detonate during a blast.
Ault abstract this bureau of mines manual for design of surface mine haulage roads covers such aspects of haulage road design as road alignment both vertical and horizontal, construction materials, cross slope, and drainage provisions. This writeup is not meant to give straight answers to the blast design parameters, as every single quarry is unique. Open pit mine planning and design, third edition mining. Blast design and patterns d methods of blasting e controlling factors of blasting. Open pit mine planning and design is an excellent textbook for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological and excavation engineering, and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. Improved blasting and bench slope design at the aitik mine pi. For any shallowdepth excavations, singlerow des ign is preferred as shown in this plan f. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit.
Guidelines for open pit slope design csiro publishing. Open pit mine design, planning, scheduling, and detailed design. And the impact of changes in the rock mass or voids is unpredictable. Niosh researchers collected basic data from two blast rounds at the ssxsteer mine as a component of. In open pit mines the required explosive displaces ore boundaries from where the geologists originally defined them. Explosives are energy, and the efficient use of this energy is a major factor in keeping rock blasting.
Its often the case where operators skimp on the blast design. Electronically transfer data, respond to changes in realtime, and generate reconciliation reports. Pdf in most of the openpit preciousmetal mines in nevada, there is no clear geological distinction. The detailed study is needed for gainful use of blast casting, determining profile of. Open pit blast design analysis and optimisation edited by andrew scott this book addresses the challenge of optimising the design of blasts for open pit mines and quarries. Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in. Stepbystep were going to explain what we should do in an open pit bench blasting. This design also gives good fragmentation, displacement and looseness of the muckpile. In addition, the pack now also includes a fully working version of the micromodel mine planning software package. In most of mine works which including open pit production methods use almost same stage in. Pdf optimisation of drill and blast parameters using. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In opening a mine, a small mining company usually digs any ore that is showing. Divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines.
This mine works 340 days a year, on which the drilling and blasting operations can be carried out. All mines require considerable development before actual ore production can begin. This unique course enables you to learn the basic theory of open pit mine design and the application thereof, whilst having the chance to interact with experts in the field. Shotplus blast design and modelling software for surface. Optimized open pit mine design, pushbacks and the gap. Design and implementation procedures, which should have wide application, are given. This may range from one or two metres for small civil engineering blasts to many tens of metres for open pit mine production blasts. Schematic representation of an open pit design showing three pushbacks with gap problems. Rock blasting and control overbreak fhwa us department of. Covering the gamut of mining methods and commodities, our mining engineers and specialists support our clients every step of the way from the early stages of exploration and project evaluation through detailed design, permitting and construction, to operational support and mine. Mining of the pits involve both free digging and drilling and blasting of the overburden and the fresh competent rocks respectively. Pdf drilling and blasting practices in nevadas openpit mines. The objectives and mechanics of control blasting are discussed. Mining engineer open cast mine planning factors that influence planning.
The text will also be of value to students of mining, civil engineering or environmental technology and engineers no directly involved in. Mining costs for unit operations which includes loading, hauling, crushing costs reduce with increasing rock fragmentation sizes. Bureau of mines, information circular 8550 includes bibliography. Adaptive blast design means that the blast design can be modified in real time, by changing hole pat terns or the type and amount of explosive, based on newly acquired information about the rock mass. Edited by andrew scott this book addresses the challenge of optimising the design of blasts for open pit mines and quarries. Bmt works with geologists from over 105 open pit operations around the world to accurately measure 3d blast movement so that the ore is sent to the mill and waste ends up in the waste pile. Mineralization, topography, costs and significant goologic feature. Pdf lecture 4 open pit mining presentation abdelaziz. Bench blasting is a common blast technique m ost often used for open pit mines. Optimized open pit mine design, pushbacks and the gap problem. Fundamentals of slope design keynote address at slope. The mine is owned and operated by the boliden mineral ab mining company. Outline introduction drilling explosive used in opencast mine types of variables in blast design blasting patterns used in indian opencast mines concept of optimum blasting.
In a open pit coal mine, the pit bottom would be the bottom mined coal seam elevation, since it is usually feasible to extract multiple seams when surface mining coal. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold mine ed mchugh and joel warneke, national institute of occupational safety and health and cristian caceres, university of british columbia. Shotplusi software blast design software uni tronic electronic blasting system a few design alternatives were evaluated using dmc model and the optimum design was implemented using shotplusi design software. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in open pit. Controlling fume movement following the blast is not possible and the pit will remain closed until the all clear is established.
Geotechnical considerations open pit audit guide page 3 of 28 1 mine planning and design mine planning and design point standard guideline 1. Chapter 8 blast design figure 82 staggered pattern figure 83 sing. Guidelines for open pit slope design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. Blast design in opencast mines presented by gopal karmakar id 511214015 and jagat kumar id 511214014 mining engineering iiest shibpur 2. If the blastholes are drilled as a staggered pattern on an equilateral triangular grid, the optimum distribution of the. H blasting in surface excavation mining and blasting. Reduce ore dilution and loss in open pit mines bmt. Open pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface.
Prenn synopsis the model described is a design and economic planning tool for analyzing surface mineral deposhs. Open pit grade control generally entails the sampling and assaying of reverse circulation or blast hole cuttings followed by the estimation of ore control model ocm block grades. Open pit, open cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow this form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Pit design overall slope of a pit depends on several factors of the pit slope. Blast design software blasting pattern software blast. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold. This paper out lines surface mine blasting research com pleted since the bureaus last technology transfer seminar on blasting in december 1980. Pdf a fundamental problem in open pit mine planning is that of determining the optimum ultimate pit limits of the mine.
Case of metlaoui mining basin, southwestern tunisia monia aloui 1, yannick bleuzen 2, elhoucine essefi3 and chedly abbes 1faculty of sciences of sfax, road soukra, sfax 3038, tunisia. Underground mine design, planning, scheduling, and detailed design. In this unit, you will learn how a mine is developed for production, how a shaft is sunk. Ground vibrations and air blast effects induced by blasting in open pit mines. The main objectives of presplitting in open pit mining are find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The typical large open pit mining operation that has been in production for 10 years and more is operating under conditions that could not possibly have been foreseen by the orig inal planners of. The second volume goes into more depth to provide a better understanding of the. The blast profile shall be such that the level of total bench uniformly reduced, and heaving or uneven muck profile is.
In this paper, a hypothetical open pit copper mine is considered, which needs to produce 30 million tonnes of waste and 25 million tonnes of ore based on its annual planning. Oct 12, 2017 its a presentation about the design aspect of open cast mine. Blasts may have to be redesigned or rescheduled for more favorable atmospheric conditions to minimize air waves. In order to implement an adaptive blast design strategy for open pit mines, two problems must first be solved. Most people looking for free mine design software downloaded. Blast conditions are uniquethe blast design, explosive or firing change with every blast. Generates blast plan and according to the delay pattern structure, simulation. Principles of slope design in open pit mines considering the importance of stakes, the slope design in open pit mines must be based on a wellcontrolled methodology, especially since experience shows that each rock mass characterized by its geological structure is unique, and therefore there are no standard recipes that achieve the right.
569 463 1104 912 1401 910 908 1001 394 1112 1536 213 1543 804 1167 108 1432 221 463 1167 117 763 1210 933 1486 1003 149 410 39 2 68 597 306 194 174 16 1434 895 623 1442 434 523 1431 492 426 1445